![]() ![]() That means, if you simply trash the app and think the removal is done, you’re wrong. Additionally, some apps may create supporting files, caches, login files scattering around the system directory. General knowledge: Once installed, an app is typically stored in the /Applications directory, and the user preferences for how the app is configured are stored in ~/Library/Preferences directory. If you have no clue how to do it right, or have difficulty in getting rid of Vectoraster 7.1.6, the removal solutions provided in the post could be helpful. This page is about how to properly and thoroughly uninstall Vectoraster 7.1.6 from Mac. Removing applications on Mac is pretty straightforward for experienced users yet may be unfamiliar to newbies. If you're interested in testing the Android version you can contact us and you'll be invited to test the current version.Perfect Solutions to Uninstall Vectoraster 7.1.6 for Mac ![]() There are however some issues we've yet to resolve, so it's uncertain if/when when it will be released. We're also working on an Android release, and a version is currently in testing. Fixes a bug with the time bar max value after restart.Fixes a bug with the game over screen highscore display after restart.Fixes a graphical glitch with moving blocks on some devices.Added a dialogue asking once if you want to turn off fancy graphics if the game is running very slowly.Added little name labels to the special power icons to help remember what they do.Better game window size based on monitor resolution when switching to windowed mode.Better connection select spotlight size based on game zoom level.Fix some shadows on mobile at later level far camera distances.Properly center window mode game window when using multiple displays.Save game window size if it's been resized and restore next time game is launched.Progress is now saved if you quit during a game so you can continue later.Fixed a bug where some settings would reset when re-opening the settings panel.Īnother couple of small updates have now been released for Vlobs, on the App store for iOS and macOS and the steam Windows and Linux versions.Fixed a bug where animation export panel size fields would show the wrong values.Fixed an issue with quicktime video exports dropping frames if the encoder was busy.Fixed a bug with Multi-scale where clicking Apply button while typing in a value would not apply the scale.Point fill opacity can now be applied to bitmap custom shapes as well.Animated GIF import support for Video source layers.Makes it easy to remove points regardless of size where the source image is transparent. Source opacity point removal with a new alpha threshold parameter.Improved generation/rendering with better performance, responsiveness and stability.Multiple custom shape support use different imported point shapes based on sources, index or at random.Vectoraster 8.5.0 Changes and improvements Along with this the backend has also been rebuilt a little to make rendering and generation more responsive along with a bunch of other improvements and fixes. So now you can use a set of different imported shapes or images for the points, and use them in sequence, at random or based on your sources. The new version brings support for multiple custom point shapes, something that has been requested for a long time. A new bigger update of Vectoraster 8 has now been released. ![]()
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![]() My pc: AMD Phenom II X6 1035T Processor (6 yards), 8.0 GB RAM, Nvidia GeForce 750Ti. Or, they will be rendered, but in very poor quality. Can devs make unusual optimization for blood moon? I have an 1 idea: blocks outside the fog will not be rendered, which will not load the video card. But before blood moon start i have 59-60 fps (on minimal settings, monitor is 1600x900), and it's uncomfortable when your fps drops sharply to 30-40. Optimization in 7DTD is average, it's bad and some good. are ok and buy the GPU later when the price has dropped.Įdited Octoby meganoth (see edit history) You might even buy anything except the GPU first for some FPS boost as the prices for CPU, motherboard, RAM. Just remember that 7D2D is CPU bound so get a good CPU (at least ryzen 5600x) because your CPU will determine what FPS you get for this game, not the GPU. If you don't buy your graphics card before 2022 your budget will be enough to provide quite a different play experience. So good luck with your money saving effort. Here some of that info in Faatals own words:Īny which way, I don't think the FPS will change much from now until release. Faatal said multiple times that they won't change to a newer render engine Unity provides because it would take too much time and effort. The whole code won't be redone either, changing to a newer version of Unity changes only some glue code. ![]() ![]() There won't be large gains in FPS, just more of the spikes to lower FPS will vanish as that is what Fataal as been optimizing lately. But a voxel game with changeable terrain is always a heavy load and many optimizations that can be done in normal static games can not be done in a game with a dynamic landscape.įor horde night I would guess there is still the hope that they find a way to make instantiation of zombies less FPS-heavy, but if they actually find a way they could instead turn up zombie numbers, because that is critizised a lot by players.Ī19 already uses up to 6 cores, as far as I know there is nothing new in A20, sorry. The game has been optimized by Fataal the last few alphas. ![]() ![]() ![]() Here are some tips for safely storing and using DEF: In addition, inhaling DEF fumes can irritate your lungs, so it's important to use it in a well-ventilated area.ĭEF is not considered a hazardous material, but there are some things to keep in mind when handling it. However, it is corrosive, so it's important to handle it properly and store it in a safe place. It's made up of urea and deionized water, and it's non-flammable, non-toxic, and non-hazardous. In addition, we will answer other frequently asked questions about diesel exhaust fluid, so read on!ĭiesel exhaust fluid, or DEF, is a solution that helps to reduce emissions from diesel engines. In this article, we will explain what diesel exhaust fluid is and how to safely store and use it. It's good to know that DEF is not a hazardous material, but it's important to handle it with care. In addition, inhaling DEF fumes can irritate your lungs, so it's important to use it in a well-ventilated area. However, it is corrosive, so it's important to handle DEF properly and store it in a safe place. But do you need to worry about DEF being a hazardous material? We did the research to bring you the answer.ĭiesel exhaust fluid isn't flammable or toxic, so it's not considered a hazardous material. If they pump DEF from bulk tanks, they should particularly consider the materials of the funnel and pump used.Ĭonsult your OMM for specific instructions that relate to your engine system.Diesel exhaust fluid is a solution that helps to reduce emissions from diesel engines. Operators will need to consider these materials when they transfer and handle DEF. If you’re unsure, please refer to the Perkins Operation and Maintenance Manual (OMM) for more information. ContainmentĭEF has specific container requirements, and there are restrictions around the kinds of containers that DEF can be stored in. SunlightĮxposure to sunlight will reduce the shelf-life of your DEF. The rate of decay significantly accelerates when DEF is stored in temperatures above 90☏ /32☌. The optimal storage temperature for DEF is 15-77☏ (-9- 25☌). Operators will need to consider several factors including the shelf-life, storage temperature and containment requirements of DEF when purchasing it. What are the storage requirements for DEF? They can buy it from a variety of retail locations, such as on-highway truck fuelling stations or automotive parts stores, or they can arrange for bulk delivery from fuel distributors or DEF producers. Operators can use any commercial DEF that meets the ISO 22241 specification in our SCR-equipped engines. What is the best DEF to use with a Perkins engine? Liquid at room temperature, it is composed of 32.5 percent urea and 67.5 percent de-ionised water. What is DEF?ĭEF is chemical grade urea in solution. ![]() For our 854 range of engines that utilise SCR, the amount required is around 3-5 percent of the diesel consumed. ![]() For our 1200 Series engines utilising SCR, the amount of DEF required is within the range of 3-4 percent of the diesel consumed. To keep operator running costs to a minimum, we have minimised the amount of DEF required, as a percentage of the diesel consumed. The only action required on their part is to ensure the diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) tank is refilled as required. The process of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) in our engines is invisible to the operator. It’s also easier to package, with smaller DEF tanks to be installed and less storage space needed. The benefits of this are simple – if customers consume less, they save money. Our products that utilise SCR are designed to reduce the amount of DEF in your system. If you’re using a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system you need diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) for the system to work. ![]() ![]() ![]() If you want to build a Greek looking temple, Quartz Pillar is an obvious choice. Then by using the Stonecutter you can make Chiseled Quartz (related: How to make Chiseled Stone Brick in 2 different ways)Īnd Quartz Pillar which, like Bone blocks, shows a different look on its top and bottom sides. You can get the Stone blocks by either smelting Cobblestone or using a Silk Touch enchanted Pickaxe. To craft a Stonecutter you need 3 Stone blocks and 1 Iron Ingot. You can obtain other versions of Quartz block by using a Stonecutter. You can craft Quartz blocks by putting together 4 Nether Quartz, that you can easily find in the Nether. Snow gives you also the interesting Snow Layer, which can stack up to 8 times to form tchicker layers. You can check out the article Everything about Snow Layers, where we discussed how to find and use this block. Then you can use End Stone Brick to craft End Stone Brick Slab and Stairs You can use End Stone to make another white block, End Stone Brick. If it’s too soon for you to go and fight the End Dragon, you can always use commands to get there (as explained in Everything about End Rod). You can find plenty of End Stone in the End. You can also use Bone Meal on normal Mushrooms to make them grow into Huge Mushrooms: You can find Huge Mushrooms in Dark Forest and Mushroom Fields biomes. The only way to get Mushroom Stem blocks is by breaking a Huge Mushroom (see more: How to get Mushroom blocks in Minecraft?). Otherwise you can put together 4 Strings, that you can get by killing Spiders or by breaking Cobwebs while using a Sword (related topic: Do Spiders take fall damage in Minecraft?). You can get it as loot when you kill Sheeps. White Wool is probably the first block of this list that you are going to get through a Minecraft run, since it is part of the Bed recipe. ![]() Then you can use White Dye to get White Terracotta. You can also smelt Clay (which you can find underwater, close to shores) in a Furnace to obtain regular Terracotta (related to Clay: How to find Diamonds in Minecraft with the Clay trick ) You can find plenty of White Terracotta in Badlands biomes. It made it to the list just because its name says “white”, but it actually looks quite pink if compared to the other blocks. You can craft Bone blocks by putting 9 Bone Meals in the Crafting Table.īone blocks naturally generate in Desert, Swamp and Soul Sand Valley biomes (the last one is in the Nether) as part of fossil structures.Īs you can see from the first of the screenshots above, Bone blocks show a different look on their top and bottom sides (but you can also place them horizontally to change the way they will look). It can also be used to obtain White Dye (through crafting, as you can see below), which is what we are interested in now: in this article we are going to see how to use White Dye to change the color of other blocks.īone Meal is obtained from Bones, which you will mostly get from killing Skeletons. Bone blocks come from Bone Meal, which is primarily used to make plants and vegetables grow faster. We are not seeing the Bone block first because of an alphabetic order. Some of them have also different variations, like Chiseled Quartz Block or End Stone Brick Slabs for example. Let’s start by showing them.įurther below you will see all of them better, from different points of view. We will also try to see how to obtain them and where they would fit best. Separating blocks by their colors is surely a good start and today we are going to check all the white blocks. But when we want to build and decorate, there is so much choice that it becomes difficult to focus. There are so many different blocks in Minecraft! When it comes to just play and survive, the blocks needed are pretty straightforward. ![]() ![]() I'm assuming you might need some config info, if so please let me know what and I'll get it for you. *- snmpv2 -*- MIB file for PowerDNS Recursor - PDNSRECURSOR - MIB DEFINITIONS : := BEGIN IMPORTS OBJECT - TYPE, MODULE - IDENTITY, enterprises, Counter64, NOTIFICATION - TYPE FROM SNMPv2 - SMI CounterBasedGauge64 FROM HCNUM - TC OBJECT - GROUP, MODULE - COMPLIANCE, NOTIFICATION - GROUP FROM SNMPv2 - CONF rec MODULE - IDENTITY LAST - UPDATED "202107200000Z" ORGANIZATION "PowerDNS BV" CONTACT - INFO DESCRIPTION "This MIB module describes information gathered through PowerDNS Recursor." REVISION "201611290000Z" DESCRIPTION "Initial revision." REVISION "201812240000Z" DESCRIPTION "Added the dnssecAuthenticDataQueries and dnssecCheckDisabledQueries stats." REVISION "201911140000Z" DESCRIPTION "Added qnameMinFallbackSuccess stats." REVISION "202002170000Z" DESCRIPTION "Added proxyProtocolInvalid metric." REVISION "202101050000Z" DESCRIPTION "Added Aggressive NSEC cache metrics." REVISION "202107200000Z" DESCRIPTION "Added almost expired task metrics." REVISION "202110270000Z" DESCRIPTION "Added more UDP errors metric." REVISION "202111090000Z" DESCRIPTION "Added NOTIFY-related metrics." REVISION "202201310000Z" DESCRIPTION "Added non-resolving NS name metric." REVISION "202208220000Z" DESCRIPTION "Added internal maintenance metrics.I don't really know where to start with these. The workload of the worker queries was 175784 respectively.įinally, measured in the last half hour, an average of 1 qps was performed. The packets cache had 4536 entries and 82% of queries were served from it. On the master dns server, go to the path where zone file is located and delete the corresponding jnl file. This ratio can be greater than 100% since additional queries could be needed to actually recurse the DNS and figure out the addresses of nameservers.Ġ% of queries were not performed because identical queries had gone out previously and failed, saving load on servers worldwide.Ģ17 outgoing tcp connections were done, there were 0 queries running at the moment and 9155 queries to authoritative servers saw timeouts. On an Ubuntu server running bind9, the fix for this is to simply delete the journal file for the zone. The outpacket/query ratio means that on average, 0.54 packets were needed to answer a question. Next a line with the sizes of maps that can be consulted by rec_control is printed. ![]() The record cache was consulted or modified 56041728 times, and 1583 of those accesses caused lock contention. There are 1773 items in the negative cache, items of which it is known that don’t exist and won’t do so for the near future.ġ8% of incoming questions not handled by the packets cache could be answered without any additional queries going out to the net. This means that in total 346362 queries were received and there are 7388 different name/type combinations in the record cache, each entry may have multiple records attached to it. Stats : 346362 questions, 7388 cache entries, 1773 negative entries, 18 % cache hits stats : cache contended / acquired 1583 / 56041728 = 0.00282468 % stats : throttle map : 3, ns speeds : 1487, failed ns : 15, ednsmap : 1363 stats : outpacket / query ratio 54 %, 0 % throttled, 0 no - delegation drops stats : 217 outgoing tcp connections, 0 queries running, 9155 outgoing timeouts stats : 4536 packet cache entries, 82 % packet cache hits stats : thread 0 has been distributed 175728 queries stats : thread 1 has been distributed 169484 queries stats : 1 qps ( average over 1800 seconds )
![]() ![]() ![]() Ninety directions typically require upwards of 20 additional minutes in the MR scanner, therefore, it may not be suitable for routine clinical practice. DTI MR settings can measure the diffusion of water along an axon in many directions, 6, 9, 33, and 90 directions are typical parameters used, with 33 directions and above increasing confidence in the accuracy. When a voxel contains scalar values constituting a vector, it is known as a tensor, which is where DTI received its name and explains the additional information provided through DTI. Significant reduction of diffusion anisotropy was also detected when diffusion tensor results from the patients were compared with those of the controls.”ĭWI uses volume elements (voxels) as a statistical method for data collection. Such differences were not observed in the control subjects. “This study included five patients with mild traumatic brain injury (three men and two women) and ten volunteers with no known neurological disorders (five men and five women).” This study reported abnormalities in the patients with a mild brain injury that were absent in the control subjects or the uninvolved sides of the injured patients' brains: “Patients displayed a significant reduction of diffusion anisotropy in several regions compared with the homologous ones in the contralateral hemisphere. ![]() The latter measures movement of water along axons, analogous to the straws in a glass of water.Īs early as May of 2002, medical literature reported that DTI showed abnormalities in patients who suffered from mild brain trauma as compared to normal control subjects. Water molecules will diffuse differently through space depending on the tissue type, components, structure, architecture, and integrity these principles allow clinically significant imaging to occur, particularly the DTI. The greater the anisotropy the more directional and linear the diffusion of water molecules. Anisotropy is when there is a directionality in the diffusion of water present, and the movement of water is no longer random (such as water movement along straws placed in a glass). Isotropy is defined as uniformity in all directions and when applied to water molecules, isotropy occurs when the diffusion of water is entirely uninhibited (such as water movement in a glass of water). Random thermal motion, also known as Brownian motion, is water molecular diffusion in three-dimensional space. DTI does not require contrast and is available on almost all modern MR scanners with relatively quick scan times for this sequence. The first application of DWI to the human brain was performed in 1986 and since has become the gold standard for detecting acute stroke. DTI is a variant of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) which utilizes a tissue water diffusion rate for image production. Specifically, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has become increasingly studied and utilized in recent years and has become incorporated by many radiologists into routine clinical practice with most research performed on traumatic brain injury. Advanced magnetic resonance (MR) neuroimaging modalities are becoming more available and useful as their value in the diagnosis and prognosis of central nervous system diseases is more fully understood and studied. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Although the basic controls and moves are virtually the same, the developers have introduced both strong and weak combo attacks. ![]() With all of the basics ironed out for the better, the developers also made some improvements to the other general aspects of WWE 2K22. Sure, the commentating is far more simplistic and sometimes very generic but I would rather have that than be taken out of the moment by chatter that is more confusing than Adam Cole’s run in AEW. Just like the graphics, all of that has been corrected with WWE 2K22. Commentators calling the wrong moves or not accurately assessing what is happening inside and outside the ring just takes you right out of the game. Commentators would say the wrong things at the wrong time which just destroyed what was supposed to be an immersive environment. WWE 2K20 had all manner of problems with its sound as well. I found it all quite amusing moving around as a bulky, literal tank in the ring so I appreciated the over-the-top designs. The developers actually may have gone a little overboard making heavyweights like Hulk Hogan, Kane, Brock Lesnar and others comically tower over such smaller superstars like Kushida or Rey Mysterio. The wrestler models and environments look fantastic whether up close or far away. Sometimes moves don’t go off as planned such as when I had Hollywood Hogan execute his finisher but once he hit the ropes to deliver his leg drop he bumped into his nWo tag team partners and stopped dead in his tracks.īesides its broken gameplay making the game unplayable at times, WWE 2K20 was ripped to shreds for its abominable graphics which were not up to snuff to what fans expect from next-gen games. Sometimes the ropes physics implode a little, just not as badly. Yes, sometimes the referee gets in your way, screwing up your running clothesline. There are still some minor issues here and there, but unlike WWE 2K20, they don’t ruin the experience. WWE 2K22 is far more polished, far more stable, far more complex game. Visual Concepts had essentially two years to get things right and the good news is that it has and WWE 2K22 offers a multitude of gaming experiences for one price. So much fun all on its own, WWE 2K Battlegrounds was released in its place. With WWE 2K20 in the review mirror, WWE and Visual Concepts skipped releasing another installment in the series in 20. Without going into all the sordid details, let’s just say that the release had more bugs than you’d find on The Boogeyman’s dinner plate and although the game was released in 2019, it is still “broken” despite the various patches and fixes applied to it. With game developers Yuke’s leaving the fold, it was left to Visual Concepts to pick up the pieces. It is no secret that WWE 2K20 was not what the fans, the developers or what the WWE wanted. ![]() ![]() You can find her on Instagram (where she will happily reply to any DMs regarding nail polish, sunscreen and BTS). The highly effective formulas are sulfated-surfactants free and rich with HYDRACLEAN COMPLEX and Vitamin E. ![]() Equally comfortable in front of the camera as she is behind a computer screen, she always aims to deliver information that's educational, entertaining and accessible to all. Dial is introducing new & improved Body wash that cleanses deep and is gentle on skin. Since beginning her journalism career at Real Simple magazine over eight years ago, she has become a human encyclopedia of products, trends and ingredients. The best body wash clears the days sweat, oils, dirt, and impurities from your skin, leaving you cleansed and fresh. Jenny Jin is PureWow’s Beauty Director (and resident skincare expert). Whether you're looking for travel-size hair dryers you can take on-the-go or women’s walking shoes that won’t hurt your feet, we’ve got you covered. Alaffia Kids Everyday Coconut Strawberry Shampoo/body Wash - 16 Fluid ounce. Alaffia Kids Everyday Coconut Strawberry Hair & Body Lotion - 16 Fluid ounce. From our PureWow100 series, which sees each and every item we test being ranked on a 100-point scale of awesomeness, to the painstakingly curated lists our fashion, beauty, cooking, home and family editors create as vertical experts, you can trust that our recommendations include some of the greatest items you’ll find on the internet. Alaffia Kids Everyday Coconut Strawberry Bubble Bath - 32 Fluid ounce. ![]() Founded in 2010, our company’s editors and writers have spent more than a decade shopping online, digging through sales and putting our home goods, beauty finds, wellness picks and more through the wringer-all to help you determine which ones are actually worth your hard-earned cash. PureWow is the best friend you never had when it comes to finding the best, most useful lifestyle products online. A lathering, citrus-scented shower gel Helps gently cleanses & nourish skin Enriched with real brown sugar, a natural humectant that prevents moisture loss. ![]() ![]() ![]() We have daily podcasts at the Esports Minute, weekly interviews at the Esportz Network Podcast, and collegiate esports updates at the College Esports QuickTake. If you’re interested in seeing more of Esportz Network, follow our social media at Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook. Since there are ten winners, some of the winning designs will likely get used in future CS:GO weapon cases. More details can be found on the contest’s dedicated website as well as forums for artists to work together. Teams can sign up and work together while they can also make endless submissions. ![]() With $1M on the line, CS:GO skin artists and content creators should hurry since the contest starts tomorrow.Īs for the CS:GO Dreams & Nightmares Workshop contest rules and details, it officially begins tomorrow on July 22 and runs until October 21, 2021. Valve announced a 1 million USD art contest for all CS:GO content creators yesterday, with an objective to select 10 original dream or nightmare-themed weapon finishes for an upcoming case. Workshop Contest to Award $1MĬelebrating the launch of the Steam Workshop nearly 10 years ago, Valve created the CS:GO Dreams & Nightmares Workshop contest to show its continued support for its community and art. The community had some speculations off their own which were backed with factual data. After nearly two months, these submissions are the Dreams & Nightmares skins we want to see in Counter-Strike: Global Offensive. Artists interpreted the title theme in a number of ways, some humorous and others horrifying. Interested artists should note that they don’t need to create a design from scratch and can adapt previously made art so long as they own it. The Dreams & Nightmares skin design contest is giving 10 artists 10,000 for an upcoming Halloween-themed case. The AK and MP-9 get Covert rarity skins while the MP-7, Dual Berettas, and FAMAS, receive Classified rarities. More information here: /y8KgyV46Q1Īlthough the fans will draw and submit the skins, CS:GO already determined the gun rarities for the Dreams and Nightmares Case. Today we are announcing the CS:GO Dreams & Nightmares Workshop contest a $1M CS:GO art contest looking for 10 original dream or nightmare-themed weapon finishes to be shipped in an upcoming case. All that’s needed to participate is a non-limited Steam account. Ten original submissions will each win $100 thousand towards the contributing artists. This $1M event asks fans to create a dream or nightmare themed weapon finish for CS:GO skins. and here are the two most important and expensive skins of the upcoming dreams and. The new contest looks to celebrate the artists and creators who contribute to the Steam Workshop and Marketplace. 72K views 1 year ago the csgo dreams & nightmares case contest winners have been announced. The case can drop randomly when playing the game. As a rare special item, you can get the same knives that are obtainable from the Operation Riptide Case. CS:GO announced and detailed the CS:GO Dreams & Nightmares Workshop contest today, a new program that aims to support artists and creators through a $1 million gun skin art contest. The latest CS:GO update introduces the Dreams & Nightmares Case containing 17 new weapon skins designed by community members. ![]() ![]() “Stapeliads of Southern Africa and Madagascar”. “Medicinal plants 2” PROTA, 2013ĥ) Doreen Court “Succulent Flora of Southern Africa” CRC Press, 01 June 2000ħ) Bruyns, P.V. ![]() National Assessment: Red List of South African Plants version 2015.1. “Plants of the Klein Karoo” Umdaus Press, Hatfield.ģ) Victor, J.E. Brown "Flora Capensis" Vol 4, page 518, (1909)Ģ) Vlok, J. The corona is variable, especially in the length of the erect tips of the inner lobes.īibliography: Major references and further lecturesġ) N. Inner corona-lobes 1-1.5 mm long, subulate or linear, acute to truncate, incumbent on the backs of the anthers and exceeding them, apically meeting and ascending in a curved manner over the style head with more or less connivent-erect tips and a short dorsal projection at the base, adnate to the outer corona and forming 5 of its teeth, dark purple-brown. Outer corona about as long as the staminal column, cupular, 10–15-bi- or trifid, appendages deltoid, glabrous, dark purple-brown. Corolla lobes purple to reddish-black, erectly spreading, 12-20 mm long, about 4-7 mm broad at the base, thence gradually tapering to a very acute apex, longitudinally folded outwards, with revolute margins, inside usually papillose, papillae with an apical horizontally curved thick hair. Corolla campanulate, 20-27 mm in diameter, glabrous and pale green outside, with the tips, margins and a stripe down the middle of the lobes and some dots on the tube very dark purple-brown inside minutely papillate-setulose on the lobes and upper part of the tube, rich velvety black-purple on the lobes, pale yellowish dotted with blackish purple in the tube, which is 3-6 mm long and as much in diameter. Sepals 2-4 mm long, ovate, acuminate, glabrous. Pedicels 2-3 mm long, glabrous, holding the flower horizontally. Inflorescence: Flowers in fascicles of 4–15 or more, along the grooves between the angles, usually near the stem tips in the upper 2/3 of the stem.įlowers: Flowers bisexual, regular, 5-merous. Leaves: Rudimentary, forming the tubercle tooth stipular denticles absent. Tubercles 5-20 mm long, conical, spreading, fused near base into the irregularly arranged angles, glabrous, light green, faintly glaucous, armed with stout, yellowish, hard-pointed acute spines 6-12 mm long, with the apical half of the spines brown. Branches, erect, glabrous, green, sometimes mottled with purple-brown, 15–50 cm tall and 18–36 cm thick, very variable, short and very compact, sometimes with robust tubercles, or slender-stemmed, irregularly or spirally 4–6-angled. Stems: Branching from a single, central stem, erect from base. The inner lobes are shortly erect, incumbent on the anthers, and exceed them.The odour of the flowers is extremely disagreeable.ĭerivation of specific name: The name refers to the stout tubercles with brown apices (From Lat. The corona is stipitate (held on a stalk), dark purple-brown, The outer lobes are erect, bifid, fused to the bases of the inner lobes that form pouches. The corolla is 20-27 mm across, the tube is yellow and purple-spotted. Bunches of 3-15 velvety purple-brown flowers appears in autumn in the upper 2/3 of the stem, and open simultaneously, but are seldom seen in culture. The leaves are transmuted into hard thorns. ![]() It became a part of South Africa in 1994, along with the other nine Homelands.Description: Quaqua mammillaris is a much-branched, robust succulent shrub, up to 50 cm high, and 50-70 cm across, branched in a bushy manner which root from the primary stem only. The South African government granted this Homeland self-government on 1 November 1974. The area had originally been the home of the Bakwena and Batlokoa groups and when they united in 1969 the region was called KwaKwa, which changed to Quaqua in the same year. Quaqua, or Qwaqwa, means "whiter than white" in the San language and referred to the Sandstone Hills of the Drakensberg Mountains, where the Homeland was situated. The country's main income came from these migrant workers. The land in the region was Mountainous and unsuitable for cultivation so most of the men had to leave their homes to become part of the migrant labour force. The population of the homeland increased as more people were evicted from the Orange Free State, as a result of the Natives Land Act. ![]() By 1960 there were 20 000 residents, which increased to 300 000 in 1980 and more than a million in 1990. The capital was Phuthaditjhaba and initially about 180 000 Seosotho speaking Basotho people lived within its borders. It was only 655 square kilometres big and bordered on Lesotho. Quaqua, or Qwaqwa, was a homeland created for the Southern Sotho people from a reserve in the Orange Free State (OFS) that had been granted to the followers of a relative of Moshoeshoe. ![]() |